Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-coloured (black) grape varieties. The actual colour of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.
The juice from most black grapes is greenish-white; the red colour comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice. Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of colour and flavour components from the grape skin.
Production
Grape processing, Destemming and crushing, Additions at reception
Cooling of the must, noculation and fermentation, Pumping over, Temperature control, Following the fermentation, Pressing, Malolactic fermentation, Racking, Fining and stabilization, Filtration and bottling
(1) Medoc 梅多克區
(2) Pomerol 龐馬魯區
(3) St. Emilion 聖艾美農區
(4) Graves 葛富區
(5) Sauternes 蘇代產區
酒莊等級
※Medoc
Premiers Crus (First Growths)
Deuxiemes Crus (Second Growths)
Troisiemes Crus (Third Growths)
Quatriemes Crus (Fourth Growths)
Cinquiemes Crus (Fifth Growths)
※Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Superieur Exceptionnel
Cru Bourgeois Superieur
Cru Bourgeois
※St. Emilion
Premiers Grand Cru Classe A 一級酒莊 A
Premiers Grand Cru Classe B 一級酒莊 B
Grand Cru Classe 列級酒莊
五大酒莊
(1) Chateau Haut-Brion 奧比昂酒莊
(2) Chateau Lafite Rothchild 拉斐酒莊
(3) Chateau Latour 勒圖酒莊
(4) Chateau Margaux 瑪哥酒莊
(5) Chateau Mouton Rothchild 莫頓酒莊
(1) Chablis
(2) Cote de Nuits
(3) Cote de Beaune
(4) Cote de Chalonnaise
(5) Maconnais
(6) Beaujolais
品質
波爾多地區 Bordeaux
1.A.O.C. (Appellation d'Origine Controlee)
指定優良產區葡萄酒
2.VDQS--
優良地區餐酒，次於A.O.C
3.Vin de Pays
地區餐酒，僅限定葡萄產地葡萄酒
4.Vin de Table
日常餐酒，不受規定約束的酒
勃根地地區 Burgundy
1.AOC Regionale 地方性
2.AOC Village 村莊級
3.AOC Premier Cru 一級葡萄園
4.AOC Grand Cru 特級葡萄園
葡萄品種
01.Cabernet Sauvignon 卡本內．蘇維濃
02.Pinot Noir 黑皮諾
03.Merlot 梅洛
04.Syrah/Shiraz 希哈
05.Gamay 甘美
06.Cabernet Franc 卡本內．佛朗
07.Malbec 馬爾貝克
08.Petit Verdot 小維鐸
09.Carmenere 卡麥爾
10.Sangiovese (山吉優維烈
11.Grenache 格納希
12.Nebbiolo 內比歐露
13.Zinfandel 金粉黛
14.Tempranillo 添百利路
波爾多地區 Bordeaux
勃根地地區 Burgundy
隆河地區 (Cotes du Rhone)